GƯƠM BÁU TRAO TAY _ Handing Down the Precious Sword (Song ngữ)

[trantu]

Một câu hỏi cho đến hơn hai ngàn năm trăm năm sau vẫn còn như vang vọng! Nhất là trong thời buổi hiện nay, thời buổi toàn cầu hóa, “thế giới phẳng” gì gì đó đã đầy con người vào những cuộc tranh chấp khốc liệt, tranh giành quyền lực, quyền lợi, dẫn đến chiến tranh, dịch bệnh, thiên tai… như ta đã thấy. Chưa bao giờ tâm con người ta lại “hừng hực” lên như thế, chưa bao giờ tâm con người ta lại “bấn xúc xích” lên như thế!

Vâng, để Giác Ngộ, chỉ cần xoáy vào một chữ tâm đó thôi. Chỉ cần an trụ, chỉ cần hàng phục được cái tâm đó là xong! Nghĩa là trở thành một bậc Giác ngộ, ngang hàng với Phật, bởi Phật nói, phàm phu là Phật chưa giác ngộ, còn Phật là …phàm phu đã giác ngộ. Thế thôi. Chỉ có thế. Chỉ cần thế. Mọi thứ quấy rối cuộc đời, mọi thứ khổ đau ách nạn đều do cái tâm mà ra nên chỉ cần “xỏ mũi” nó, kéo nó lại, dạy dỗ nó, trừng trị nó –nói khác đi là hàng phục nó như hàng phục một con ngựa chứng, một con trâu điên- rồi…an trú nó vào một chỗ nào đó, đừng cho nó quậy phá nữa là xong! Tưởng dễ mà không dễ! Cái tâm đó coi vậy mà khó dạy, khó trị, khó hàng phục, khó an trú vô cùng! Giỏi như Thái thượng Lão quân mà thỉnh thoảng con trâu của ngài cỡi cũng sút chuồng lén xuống trần làm bậy, quậy phá tưng bừng. Con trâu này vốn còn đựơc ngửi mùi linh đan diệu dược của Ngài nên càng ghê gớm hơn nữa! Tôn Ngộ Không có bảy mươi hai phép thần thông biến hóa mà cũng đành bó tay, cũng hết thuốc chữa, phải nhờ đến Quan Âm Bồ tát mới xong!

Một điều thú vị ở đây là Tu Bồ Đề nói đến người trai thiện, người gái lành (thiện nam tử, thiện nữ nhơn) chứ không nói đến bất cứ trai nào, gái nào. Thì ra đó là điều kiện tiên quyết. Phải tốt phải lành cái đã rồi mới tính chuyện trở thành Bồ tát được! Bởi con đường giác ngộ của Phật kỳ cục quá, lạ lùng quá, tuy là tuyệt diệu mà nói ra sẽ chẳng mấy ai tin, cũng chẳng dễ làm theo. Cho nên lúc đầu Phật đắn đo ngần ngại khá lâu mới chịu chuyển bánh xe pháp! Rõ ràng, một lần nữa, ta thấy Tu Bồ Đề dùng kỹ thuật tạo “motivation”, tạo môi trường thuận lợi cho việc truyền trao gươm báu của buổi hôm nay. Một điểm nữa cũng rất thú vị: không có chuyện kỳ thị giới tính, không có chuyện bất bình đẵng giới ở đây! Cả nam lẫn nữ, ai cũng có thể trở thành Bồ tát. Hơn hai ngàn năm trăm năm rồi đó!

[trantu]

Phật liền trả lời Tu Bồ Đề “Tốt lắm, tốt lắm! .Đúng như ông nói đó, Ta đã hết lòng giúp đỡ, hết lòng tin cậy, gởi gấm cho các vị Bồ tát!”. Được lời như cỡi tấc lòng! Không phải chỉ Tu Bồ Đề nói mà Phật cũng xác nhận nhé! Vậy thì lẽ nào chư vị còn dám lơ là! Không khí hội trường lúc đó có lẽ đã hoàn toàn khác, đã đủ chín muồi.

“Này Tu Bồ Đề, ông hãy lắng tai nghe cho kỹ (đế thính) đây”. Lắng nghe (listening) là kỹ năng hàng đầu trong tham vấn (counselling) tâm lý ngày nay. Lắng nghe, không phải là nghe hời hợt ngoài tai, mà là nghe với tất cả tâm hồn, tất cả thân xác. Người biết lắng nghe là người nghiêng mình về phía người nói, nhìn vào mắt người nói, gật gù những chỗ tâm đắc, hỏi lại nếu cần và biết phản ánh, lặp lại với những câu chữ khác xem có đúng nội dung diễn đạt không. Một người biết lắng nghe là người có tâm hồn đồng cảm, chìm ngập, tràn dâng cảm xúc! Ta hiểu vì sao trong Kim Cang, Tu Bồ Đề, vị Alahan vô sanh là vậy mà cũng nước mắt rơi lã chã! Chữ “đế” ở đây còn có nghĩa là “thẩm xét”, suy xét cho thấu đáo, không thể chỉ nghe, tin một cách hời hợt được. Khi học Phật, thú vị nhất là Phật không “áp đặt” bao giờ, lúc nào cũng bảo ta chớ vội tin, hãy suy xét cho kỹ, tìm tòi cho thấu đáo, và thực hành cho miên mật để rồi tự mình phát hiện, tự mình “kiểm nghiệm”, tự mình chứng nghiệm lấy.

Để ý thêm chút nữa, ta thấy dường như ở đây Phật chỉ nói riêng cho Tu Bồ Đề, với Tu Bồ Đề thôi. “Ta sẽ vì ông mà nói”. Đương vị nhữ thuyết. Có nghĩa là không phải với bất cứ ai ta cũng nói được điều này. Vì ông đã biết đặt ra một câu hỏi cốt lõi, rốt ráo… như vậy nên ta mới nói riêng cho ông biết: “Người trai thiện, người gái lành, muốn trở thành bậc Giác ngộ thì cứ làm …như vầy, như vầy…” Hãy nghĩ xem, trong tình huống đó mọi người sẽ chăm chú, sẽ dóng tai lên mà nghe như thế nào! Tất cả mọi người trong hội trường trở thành người học…lóm. Học… lóm là một cách học…hay! Lục tổ Huệ Năng đã từng học lóm như vậy ngay khi đã vào chùa, ngày ngày giã gạo , bửa củi, nấu cơm. Nhờ vậy mà ông thấy ngay “Bản lai vô nhất vật” trong khi những người khác còn loay hoay tìm kiếm! Cách nói “Hãy làm như vầy…như vầy…” thường gặp trong truyện xưa, mỗi khi có điều gì cần riêng tư, bí mật, càng gây thêm một sự tò mò muốn biết, muốn nghe. Phải chăng đó chính là kỹ thuật truyền trao đặc biệt của Kim Cang? Phật và Tu Bồ Đề có lẽ đang sắm vai, “role playing”, một cách tuyệt vời của phương pháp giáo dục chủ động rất hiện đại đó chăng?

Tu Bồ Đề hớn hở: Xin vâng, xin vâng, con đang rất muốn nghe đây!

[trantu]

1. Onwards on the Path



When I first read the Diamond Sutra, I was a bit startled and rather confused. Up to now, upon hearing someone recite the passage “Ưng vô sở trụ nhi sinh kỳ tâm” He (the bodhisattva) can only give rise to that mind without dwelling anywhere, I always thought it was a comforting mantra to soothe one’s anguish state of being. I’ve even read that the 6th patriarch Hue Nang, one day while out selling wood casually heard someone quote that passage and he was instantly enlightened. For me, the more I hear it, the more I’m lost in the fog of confusion.

After the publication of my book Thinking from the Heart, which comprised of my every thought and feeling about the Heart Sutra, I felt that my understanding was somewhat better though some confusion remained. For this reason I wanted to study other sutras to gain a little bit more clarity, in hopes of obtaining more faith and thorough practice. Knowing and Understanding is one thing, but to transcend from Knowing to believing, practicing, and remaining aware is not easy. That is why in the Heart Sutra, the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara is said to “practice deeply the Prajna Paramita…” acknowledging that the five aggregates are empty, and then was freed from all suffering and misfortune. He was so happy that he cried out “Bodhi! Swoha!” but the Buddha admonished “Go on practicing deeply. Practice more deeply. Nothing has been achieved. Don’t be self-satisfied. Don’t be neglectful”.


I studied the Diamond Sutra and was surprised to find myself as captivated as I was when I studied the Heart Sutra earlier on. Sometimes I was surprised, sometimes I was puzzled, sometimes baffled, sometimes perplexed. Despite the existence of numerous sutras [taught by the Buddha] there is clearly a consistent unity of principle that went from the beginning to the end, with the methods of teaching vary depending on the audience for the teaching. If one can grasp the essence, maybe one will be less perplexed and be able to find “the way in”?

(Quý Phật tử nào muốn tham khảo, học hỏi thêm về Anh ngữ, xin mở 2 tab cùng lúc để đối chiếu. Phần Anh ngữ này được chép vào đây nhằm phục vụ cho những Dịch Giả tương lai)

[trantu]

One reason for my perplexity when studying the Diamond Sutra was that I expected to study, listen and learn the profound and scholarly teachings of the ancient mysterious Dharma. But, oh my goodness, the Diamond Sutra begins with a very normal, not to mention trivial and somewhat elementary, story: The Buddha, sensing he was hungry at mealtime, would put on his robe, retrieved his begging bowl and went to beg for alms. He did not deign to say a word, not even clear his throat to assert his authority. Just think, at that time there were thousands of people, great bodhisattvas, arahants, “dignitaries”, close disciples, all sitting there waiting eagerly for a profound teaching. But the Buddha just donned his robe, took his bowl and went into the city to beg for food. When he deemed the food enough, he came unhurriedly back to the “assembly”, took out his food, ate it, then put bowl and robe neatly away, washed his feet, took the cross-legged position, and breathed deeply… which means he entered … a dhyana absorption! Not one word was said. Not even a small murmur of instruction! I imagined, if I was there, hanging somewhere around outside in the corridors waiting to listen to the teaching, how I would be frustrated out of my mind and utterly dismayed! All of a sudden, Subhuti appears from among the seated crowd. Jumping up on his feet to a revered ceremonious bow to the Buddha, he said “It is very rare, World Honoured One! How well the Tathagata protects and thinks of all Bodhisattvas, how well He instructs all the Bodhisattvas”!
Like a big explosion catching everyone off guard, so came the impact of the delivered message in the lesson that no one had initially realized! From shock turned to discomfort. Oh my God, we didn’t pay attention carefully for the unspoken teaching given by the Buddha! Fortunately, Subhuti did! Otherwise, we’d be sorry to miss such an opportunity!

The Buddha has his own method of teaching: he does not speak, but he acts for us to see. This is a very new and modern instructional method to teach “life skills”, called “demonstration” which means to show, to give example to be followed. Once more, we see that learning and practicing Buddhism involve doing, not speaking. Do first, explain later. In fact, there may not be a need for speech at all. We understand now why the Zen masters required their disciples to cut wood, cook meals, fetch water, plant vegetable, and pound rice … without uttering one word of teaching. Until the student discovered an urgent need to be taught, then the teaching will be given but in a unique way: sometimes by capsizing a boat, sometimes a knock to his head, or a reply in riddles, or sometimes by an ambiguous answers like “give me your mind, I’ll pacify it”. The student at first will be stupefied… then later enlightened as if awaken from a delusion! At the end of the school, the student will not receive any diploma to show off, and the master has nothing to give him either. Because “the thing” inherently already exists within the pupil, the master only helps him to unearth it and experience the discovery of the “resolution” for himself. This process is called “counselling”, a contemporary method in psychotherapy and modern day medical treatments. The counsellor is like a midwife; she helps the mother to give birth but cannot give birth in her place. The child already exists in his mother’s womb.

(Quý Phật tử nào muốn tham khảo, học hỏi thêm về Anh ngữ, xin mở "song hành" _ 2 tab cùng lúc để đối chiếu. Phần Anh ngữ này được chép vào đây nhằm phục vụ cho những Dịch Giả tương lai)

[trantu]

Back to the lesson, everyone felt a rude awakening and suddenly realized that the Buddha had taught them their first lesson: eat when you are hungry, drink when you are thirsty. Eat when it’s time to eat. Those who say that they don’t need to eat do not know how to live, or they simply lie. Almost 2000 years later, Tran Nhan Tong, a king of the Tran dynasty of Vietnam and a great Zen master, founder of the Truc Lam Yen Tu school, also mentioned it in a poem of his “Cu Tran Lac Dao” (Cư trần lạc đạo) (To enjoy the path while living a worldly life): “when hungry, eat ; when tired, sleep” (Cơ tắc xan hề khốn tắc miên).

Even the Buddha was busy putting his robe and taking his bowl to go for the alms, let alone us! A special note worth mentioning here: Buddha, a World Honoured One, at the slightest hint of food would receive variety of delicious and exotic offerings bestowed upon him. His attendants have likely already prepared a savoury meal for him, to be served after the teaching. But alas no, the Buddha went out to beg the food himself, relying on no one. He did not eat the good food prepared for him, but lived by his own teachings. How can we not but be in awe and amazed? Some high-ranking monks (“dignitaries”) there… uneasily pondered, being served feasts of “delicious and exotic” vegetarian delights. Nowadays there are even vegetarian food creations that strikingly resemble prawns, fish, chicken legs… quite controversial! We are also amazed because the Buddha, a being of the highest status as the World Honoured One, with dozens of “venerable titles” and still was such a simple man! He still walked barefoot peacefully carrying his bowl. He stilled trudge along hot midday sun begging for alms, eating whatever food he was given. The Buddha walked serenely, naturally, aware of each step, not caught up by judgments or comments about him, around him. He only breathed with each step, easily, gently, feeling good! He did not choose rich households to beg, nor did he choose the poorer ones which might be kinder, or the people he were acquainted with to be sure that he would receive something. The Buddha unhurriedly went from house to house, there was no need to make any difference, no need to help only the rich or the poor! Everybody has problem, everybody suffers. The poor have poor’s problem, the rich have rich’s problem! But after a few hours walking, any food can become delicious one, easily digested if eaten mindfully, if chewed mouthful per mouthful. It seems the bowls were just big enough for only one person’s need, just so there was not too much food nor leftovers.

Nowadays it is very rare to see mendicants in town, but if one has the chance to see a monk in yellow robe, carrying a bowl, mindfully walking easy steps and begging his food at each doorstep, we can’t help but admire and being moved by the Monks of a thousand years past. At present, there is no need to go to each house begging for each meal, but it is still good for your health if you could walk a few hours per day. Simple food, with plenty of vegetable, beans, limited in fat, sugar and salt, are also very good for your health. Above all if your meals are taken in a good setting: leisurely enjoyed in a relaxing atmosphere, with simple and sufficient food, then every meal is good and healthy..

[trantu]

After his lunch, the Buddha put everything away neatly, washed his feet and sat down to meditate. Note here that he did not go straight to bed or participated into any heavy discussions, but sat peacefully, meditating. Maybe that is the best time to follow each activity of your body, to feel how your food is digested, absorbed, transformed into energy in each one of your cells. The teaching has been set in motion. If we are mindful and carefully observe the Buddha when he carries his bowl and went to each house, we would be likely to discover more insights and interesting details. For example, the mendicant was not the receiver but actually the giver. Here we cannot distinguish who is begging and who is giving. When the mendicant shows up at the door the householder is exuberant, feeling great joy and happiness, not only because the mendicant was the Buddha, but also the act of begging itself has another meaning: it gives a meaning of a gentle reminder and suggestion. The householder has the opportunity to look at himself, to hear some voice from the deepest place of his heart… perhaps he will forget it quickly, but the day will come when he remembers this moment of teaching. As for the wealthy, they may start to see that the barefoot, bareheaded monk, standing with his begging bowl at their doorstep was a crown prince who renounced his kingdom, his palace life and beautiful courtesans, and for whom? There might also be some who turned him out, shouted abuses at him, but they still received a grateful look, a sweet smile and the peaceful steps of the mendicant. At night, these men will remember, and surprised to hear another voice within their heart. There are poor people, who do not have enough to eat themselves let alone to give. But they can exchange a friendly expression, a compassionate smile. His respect, His equanimity betrays a lot of things. In fact, if one examine closer, when the Buddha got up and put on his robe, took his bowl… each one of his gesture has a dignified mannerism quite unlike ours. If someone still insists to question what the dissimilarity is between the Buddha’s action of preparing his robe and bowl compared to our own, it’s likely the Buddha will smile gently and say “oh yes, there is…”. The Buddha donned his robe and took his bowl with awareness, while we tend to make the same attempts quite hurriedly fetching the robe and haphazardly grasping the bowl…

Through the process of demonstration, every gesture, every movement should be observed closely and noted in detail so as we can replicate the teachings and actions. All along this teaching, we learn more than we can imagine: how to give but not giving, to hold precepts but not holding precepts, to be forbearing without being forbearing, as well as being temperate, content, diligent, mindful … while at all times remain in a serene, peaceful, relaxed, wise state of mind. No wonder Shubuti praised the Buddha “It is marvellous…The Tathagata blesses bodhisattvas with the best of blessings and entrusts bodhisattvas with the greatest trusts!”

[trantu]

2. Handing down the precious sword


Subhuti, sitting among the assembled peers, suddenly leapt up: “It is very rare, World Honoured One! How well the Tathagata protects and thinks of all Bodhisattvas, how well He instructs all the Bodhisattvas!”


At this point, I was again more perplexed. Subhuti is no stranger! He is one of the ten great disciples of the Buddha, an arahant, famous for his delight in living alone, foremost in Emptiness. Nonetheless, he spoke as if… he was jealous of the Bodhisattvas… “You, Bodhisattvas, be ‘joyous’ for Lord Buddha has ‘favoured’ you and devoted his teachings to you this day!” “He minds you, protects and instructs you so earnestly as if He had never taught, entrusted, nor guided you, his greatest and closest disciples, before!” At first I was aghast, then it dawned on me that things were not as they seemed. Arahants, Worthy Ones, had attained the state of no-rebirth, how can they be jealous and give birth to such a mental affliction? Maybe here is an important teaching, dedicated especially to the bodhisattvas– enlightened beings who choose to remain sentient in this world, and who are ready to plunge into the world of suffering in order to provide salvation for others. Among the attendees are confirmed bodhisattvas, as well as some (religious or laymen/women) newly generated Bodhicitta who are not yet enlightened beings but are available to assist others attain enlightenment, and apply the Buddha’s teachings and doctrines in the process. They formed a new generation of Buddha’s disciples at the time He taught the Diamond Sutra. It was a formation of Bodhisattvas aspired and ready to engage as life saviours to those in need.

[trantu]

3. It looks like that but is not the way it is

Subhuti respectfully asked two questions to the Buddha: “How can we rest our mind, how can we subdue our mind?” and the Buddha said: “There is nothing difficult there, the Great Bodhisattvas should subdue their mind this way, this way… Listen carefully. I shall tell you how”. Subhuti happily answered: “Pray, do, World-honored One. With joyful anticipation we long to hear.”

More than 2,500 years later, more so now we very much long to hear and prick our ears to listen, because man has never lived so much in fear, anxiety and stress as we do now within the scope of global conflicts, epidemics, natural disasters and the like! Man is infected with various diseases which modern medicine cannot heal just yet! So many different kinds of diseases manifests around us, one induces another because their roots are not to be found in our body! We go to see every kind of doctors eventually ending up resorting quack specialists. An abundance of drugs are available like anti-depressants, sleeping sedatives, anxiolytics, even very potent drugs to help people disengage themselves from their thoughts and induce a temporary sensationless state just to provide momentary rest, peace and isolation from the taxing emotions and distress of anguish or fear.

[trantu]

The Buddha taught: How to control your mind? Where must your mind dwell? You only need to bring all living creatures of whatever class to the final extinction, to the unbounded liberation, Nirvana! But actually none of them was brought to the final extinction!

Oh my goodness! What a whirlwind! The Buddha continued on before one recovered from the first train of thought:

“Why so? Because no Bodhisattva who is a real Bodhisattva cherishes the conception of an ego, a personality, a being or a life span”.

Upon hearing this many listeners felt the contradiction to commit themselves further and they started to reconsider their idea of becoming Bodhisattva.

Even Subhuti cried out:

“I might easily understand the Buddha’s teaching, but in 500 years, what about the people of that time, will they be able to understand?”

The Buddha admonished him: “Subhuti, do not utter such words.”

This is because the Buddha has great faith in the future, as people are more likely to easier understand his teaching thanks to modern technology, mode of media communication, and so forth… though material improvements and life conveniences will be abundant… people will be more prone to suffer and their destructive emotions will also soar up! The Buddha added: “In the future, if someone hears this Sutra and is not frightened, or alarmed, or terrified, you should know that person is most rare”.

Half a century ago, Edward Conze (Ph.D. in Psychology and well-known Buddhist scholar who translated the Diamond Sutra into English) said that an intellectual theologian friend of his, upon reading the translation bewilderedly exclaimed: “It’s crazy! Utterly crazy!” But Edward Conze didn’t think this was crazy at all, on the contrary he affirmed that the results will be acknowledged through daily application of its principles!

[trantu]

4. That is the way it is but it does not appear so.

Once we understand “beings are not beings, therefore they are called beings,” we thought we held the password to enter the Diamond Sutra vaults, but that in fact is not the case, because that it the way it is but it doesn’t appear so.

Let’s revisit the previous episode during which the “precious sword” was being handed down. Seeing scores of people in amazement by his beyond-the-thinking language, the Buddha asked “Why is that?” Then he affirmed: “Because if a Bodhisattva still holds on to the arbitrary illusions of form or phenomena such as an ego, a personality, a being, or a life , then that person is not a Bodhisattva”.

Once again I was dumfounded! I expected an explanation from the Buddha, but what he said seemed to be of no relevance to what was said previously. May be there is something mysterious here.


Initially, I thought about the first, second and third person in singular and plural in the past, present and future as in the grammatical verbs conjugation in order to mark the relativeness between the self with the others, with time and space, but it seemed that was not the way it is! Then I thought that it might be a 3-dimensional chart and a curved line representing the time on which each individual affirms his present status in society, his connection with other “beings” at a certain point, but that still was not right either! What was it then? It took me a long time to realize it: That is the no-self state of a practitioner on his way toward liberation! The practitioner must “meditate on the emptiness of the five aggregates” (skandas) – the true no-self – in order to “overcome all ills and sufferings” [The Heart Sutra].
But he must first overcome all ills and sufferings for himself, then be able to help others to be a worthy Bodhisattva. So this is a compulsory, necessary condition in order to…

This “no-self” doctrine is rather elusive! Even if it is possible to use logic, philosophy of interdependency, of emptiness to understand the meaning of “no-self”, but it is only the result of a theoretic, conceptual body of knowledge. Here, the no-self is a state, a realm that the practitioner can perceive through a long and consistent practice, the meditation!